《物理》期刊刊登原子制造专题

来源：《物理》期刊

2023年6月12日，《物理》期刊刊登了原子制造专题，专题涵盖了宋凤麒教授及戴庆教授撰写的《原子制造：物质科学的未来技术》，王聪教授、程志海教授、季威教授撰写的《原子制造中的物质间相互作用基础：现状、前景和挑战》，刘坤教授、任晓燕教授、孟胜教授、李顺方教授撰写的《无处不在的摩擦学：从宏观到单原子尺度》三篇论文。

论文一：《原子制造：物质科学的未来技术》

作者：宋凤麒、戴庆

摘要：原子是物质世界中最基本的构成单元。原子制造通过精确操纵原子及功能基元来从最底层创造全新的物质、材料和器件，并构建具有革命性能的装备和系统。原子制造既是先进制造技术的极致，也是量子理论的试验场，还是物质科学的未来技术，甚至未来态。文章以团簇束流、扫描隧道显微镜、原子级多层异质结以及其他单原子体系为例，科普性地介绍了原子精准操控技术及其放大和集成，并探讨了原子制造在物质科学中的发展意义和未来前景。

关键词：原子制造/原子精准操控/团簇/单原子器件/原子层及异质结/物性定制 

Abstract: Atoms are one of the most fundamental building blocks of the known physical world. Precise manipulation of atoms enables the creation of entirely new materials from the bottom up, leading to the construction of devices and systems with disruptive performance. Therefore, atom manufacturing is not only the ultimate capability pursued by the manufacturing technologies, but also a playground of atomic scale quantum theory, and a future technology, even the future state of physical sciences. This article briefly introduces the technology of atomically precise manipulation and its amplification and integration using atomic cluster beam, scanning tunneling microscopy, atomic-layer heterostructures, and other single-atom systems as examples, and explores the significance and future prospects of atom manufacturing.

Keywords: atom manufacturing/atomically precise manipulation/atomic cluster/single-atom device/ atomically-thin layers and their heterostructures/ customized property  

论文下载链接（复制到浏览器）：

https://wuli.iphy.ac.cn/cn/article/doi/10.7693/wl20230601

论文二：《原子制造中的物质间相互作用基础：现状、前景和挑战》

作者：王聪、程志海、季威

摘要: 材料是支撑人类文明大厦的基石，历史中材料制造加工技术的突破不断推动人类文明变革。“自上而下”地提高制造和加工精度，控制和利用原子特性“自下而上”地创制新材料，这两条技术路线共同指向了一种未来制造方式——原子制造。物质间相互作用是控制原子行为和特征进而实现原子制造的基础。文章围绕原子制造中可能涉及的物质间相互作用规律及其在原子制造中的潜在应用，首先介绍了如何实现单原子的探测与控制，进而着重探讨控制原子行为和特征到创制新材料、构筑超原子新结构的研究进展，最后就原子制造中的机遇与面临的挑战进行了展望。

关键词：原子制造/单原子操控/超原子材料/团簇/物性定制/单原子探测  

Abstract: Materials are the cornerstone of human civilization. Breakthroughs in material manufacturing and processing technology in history have continuously pushed human civilization transformation. The "top-down" improvement of manufacturing and processing precision and the "bottom-up" creation of new materials based on controlling and utilizing atomic characteristics jointly point to a future manufacturing mode —— atom manufacturing. Therefore, in view of the possible interactions and their applications in atom manufacturing, this paper will briefly describe the control of single atoms to create new materials and new superatom structures, and will also discuss the opportunities and challenges of atom manufacturing.

Keywords:atom manufacturing/single atom manipulation/superatom materials/cluster/customized property/single atom detection  

论文下载链接（复制到浏览器）：

https://wuli.iphy.ac.cn/cn/article/doi/10.7693/wl20230602

论文三：《无处不在的摩擦学：从宏观到单原子尺度》

作者：刘坤、任晓燕、孟胜、李顺方

摘要： 摩擦，是一个人类文明发展史和日常生活中至关重要、无处不在、离开它人类将无法正常生活和生产的科学问题。原子制造也不得不考虑摩擦问题。从宏观到微观，摩擦现象非常复杂、神秘和精彩！在宏观领域，早在 500 年前，就建立起著名的达·芬奇—阿蒙顿经典定律；在微观领域，摩擦具有诸多新奇的特性，比如摩擦力被降低至接近于零的超润滑现象以及摩擦力随着载荷的增加而减少的负摩擦系数现象等。微观摩擦和宏观摩擦表现出的不同规律为我们从微观和单原子尺度上理解摩擦起源，进而调控摩擦力的大小提供了重要的理论基础和途径。文章简要介绍摩擦学及其发展历史，并重点介绍摩擦起源的微观物理机制以及在单原子尺度上调控摩擦力大小的可能途径。

关键词：摩擦学/超润滑/微观机制/单原子尺度摩擦  

Abstract: Friction is a crucial and ubiquitous scientific issue in the history of human civilization and daily life, without which humans cannot live or create products；therefore, friction must be considered in all types of fabrication on the atomic scale. From macro to micro, friction is very complex, mysterious and intriguing! In the macroscopic regime, the classic da Vinci—Amontons law was established 500 years ago. However, in the microscopic regime, friction exhibits behavior that is quite distinct from those on the macroscopic scale, such as super-lubrication in which the friction coefficient is reduced to almost zero, and also negative friction in which the friction force decreases as the load increases. This presents a new perspective on controlling friction at the microscopic level. The present article briefly describes tribology and the history of its development, with a focus on micro-physical mechanisms and regulation of the origin of friction on the single-atom scale.

Keywords:tribology/ superlubricity/microscopic mechanism/single-atom scale friction  

论文下载链接（复制到浏览器）：

https://wuli.iphy.ac.cn/cn/article/doi/10.7693/wl20230603